"L'ULTIMA CENA" INTERACTIVE

(a work in progress)

Abstract:
This installation is a Virtual Reality interactive journey into the Leonardo da Vinci's masterpiece: "L'Ultima Cena". The visitor can navigate inside and around the church of Santa Maria delle Grazie, enter into the Refettorio, which was the dining room of the priests and friars of the church. You can visit in all its details the Ultima Cena; while navigating towards the painted perspective's centerpoint it appears a transparent overlay of the graphical representation of Leon Battista Alberti's theorem (Costruzione Legittima). Beyond the theorem display there is Leonardo's masterpiece. The visitor can enter inside the painted "virtual room" where the Ultima Cena is taking place. It is a 3D ambience environment. The visitor can "walk" inside the room, where Christ and the Apostels were having dinner, he can visit the "inside" of the painting, can go around the room, interact, look at the Refettorio from the point of view of Jesus Christ, have a real feeling of how the Refettorio could appear from "inside" the painting, and look at the opposite Crucifixion fresco.

Contact:
Yesi Maharaj Singh
F.A.B.R.I.CATORS

Via Fratelli Bronzetti, 6
20129 Milano - Italy
Tel: +39 2 76 11 04 98
Fax: +39 2 70 12 82 33
fabricat@galactica.it

Authors & Affiliations:
Franz Fischnaller
F.A.B.R.I.CATORS
Via Fratelli Bronzetti, 6
20129 Milano - Italy
Tel: +39 2 76 11 04 98
Fax: +39 2 70 12 82 33

Daniele Marini
Dipartimento di Scienze della Informazione
Università degli Studi di Milano
Via Comelico, 39
20135 Milano - Italy
Tel: +39 2 55 00 63 39
Fax: +39 2 55 00 63 34
http://escher.usr.dsi.unimi.it/imaging

Lorenzo Forges Davanzati
V.le Goriza 24
20143 Milano - Italy
Tel: +39 2 83 23 871
Fax: +39 2 83 24 260

Collaborators:
Paola Trapani, Marco Belloni,
Massimo Pighetti, Mauro Guizzo,
Maresa Bertolo, Massimo Nasella,
Mauro Marini -
Università degli Studi di Milano
Paolo Ferretti - Effige

With the contribution of:
Alessandro Polistina
Politecnico di Milano,
Facoltà di Architettura

The Multi Mega Book in the CAVE (tm) hosts a part of "L'Ultima Cena Interattiva".
Author: Franz Fischnaller & Ysenia Maharaj Singh (F.A.B.R.I.CATORS)
http://www.evl.uic.edu/EVL/NEWS
(search Multi Mega Book)
http://www.evl.uic.edu/EVL/NEWS/MMB/

In collaboration with:

  • Dave Pape and Josephine Anstey, EVL
    (Electronic Visualisation Lab),
    University of Illinois at Chicago, USA
  • Università degli Studi di Milano,
    Laboratorio di Eidomatica,
    directed by: Daniele Marini
  • F.A.B.R.I.CATORS staff
    Alfredo Miti (3D Sound and Holophonic effects), Italy.
  • Music:
    Excerpts from
    "A La Ferrarese" bassadanza, balli e canzoni:
    Antonio Comazzo;
    "Tanzmusik der Renaissance und des Frühbarock":
    F. De la Torre, P. Attigniant, H.Neusiedler, P. Phalése;
    Ludwig Senfl: Motette Lieder;
    Antoine Brumel: from missa "Et ecce terrae motus".

    Courtesy: Paolo Cotta Ramusino Collection.


    The position and posture of the Apostles around the table.
    Overlay of the Apostles on the reconstruction.
    The vanishing point and the structure of the ceiling.
    The "Costruzione Legittima" main theorem:
    The diagonals of any square on a horizontal plane, central projected onto the projection plane, intersect the horizon in a point whose distance from the vanishing point equals the distance of the viewpoint from the projection plane.

    "Erano in Milano al tempo di Lodovico Sforza Vesconte duca di Milano alcuni gentiluomini nel monastero de le Grazie dei frati di san Domenico, e nel refettorio cheti se ne stavano a contemplare il miracoloso e famosissimo cenacolo di Cristo con i sui discepoli che allora l'eccellente pittore Lionardo Vinci fiorentino dipingeva; il quale aveva molto caro che ciascun veggendo le sue pitture, liberamene dicesse sovra quelle il suo parere. Soleva anco spesso, ed io più volte l'ho veduto e considerato, andar la matina a buon'ora e montar sul ponte, perchè il cenacolo è alquanto da terra alto; soleva, dico, dal nascente sole sino a l'imbrunita sera non levarsi mai il pennello di mano, ma scordarsi il mangiare e il bere, di continovo dipingere. Se ne sarebbe stato dui, tre e quattro dì che non v'avrebbe messa mano, e tuttavia dimorava talora una e due ore del giorno, e solamente contemplava, considerava, ed essaminando tra sè, le sue figure giudicava. L'ho anco veduto secondo che il capriccio o ghiribizzo lo toccava, partirsi da mezzo giorno quando il sole è in lione, da Corte vecchia ove quel stupendo cavallo di terra componeva, e venirsene dritto a le Grazie, ed asceso sul ponte pigliar il pennello ed una o due pennellate dar ad una di quelle figure, e di subito partirsi e andar altrove." (Matteo Bandello, Le Novelle, Milano, IV ed. 1966, p. 646)

    Interactive Experience:
    Far on the horizon I recognize a famous renaissance church and monastery: Santa Maria delle Grazie, built in the 1500's in Milan and partly attributed to Brunnelleschi. Inside the monastery, in the refettorio, Leonardo Da Vinci painted the "Ultima Cena".

    I go towards it..look around the building, enjoy the facade and the aerial view. Then I pass through the wall: the inner architectural structure of the church raises gradually in red wire-frame lines, and after few seconds, the space is filled by the complete structure rendered in a red line drawing. I navigate within the the columns, arcades, vaults and I get a real feeling of the volume and space of this church. A music surrounds me and fills the space.

    In the distance I recognize the painting of "Ultima Cena". I navigate towards it. I point the wand to the painting, and I am transported inside the refettorio, where, on one side, I again see the painting high on the wall.

    As I am approaching it, the painting becomes transparent, and in overlay I see a graphical rappresentation of Leon Battista Alberti's theorem (Costruzione Legittima). Beyond the theorem display it appears the Leonardo da Vinci's masterpiece: the Ultima Cena.

    Now I touch the wall, which is transformed into a 3D space!. The Ultima Cena becomes real, I am inside, close to the Apostles sitting around the table. I can walk around and look out of the painting, at the refettorio from the viewpoint of Jesus Christ. But the surprise is not finished, Judas is getting up, he walks through the table and disappears into the emptyness. I walk out of the painting and...


    The overlay of the theorem in the original viewpoint demonstrates the exact overposition of the perspective composition. The computer programs construct the homogeneous coordinate representation of the painted space, perform the linear transformation in the perspective space, and produce the final projection on the visualization plane, in Cartesian coordinates, of the three dimensional scene imagined by Leonardo. This navigation is a powerful tool to understand the relationship between the real architecture of the refettorio and the painted architecture by Leonardo.
    Approaching the Ultima Cena you can visit the painting in its particulars and discover the beauty and the details of this masterpiece.

    In the real ambience, the visitor can see the painting from 6 mts distance; on the contrary, with this installation the visitor can observe it from a very close viewpoint, enjoying the details and navigating through it.

    About the platform:
    This application has been developed using the state of the art technology of interactive digital imaging. The 3D model reconstruction has been translated into VMRL 1.0 language, making possible to navigate interactively through the model also by Internet remote access. Some models have been created using OpenInventor, like the display of the Costruzione Legittima theorem.

    Availability for exhibit
    The installation "L'Ultima Cena interactive " is available for itinerant and or/ permanent exhibits. For further information contact Yesi Maharaj Singh

    About the background:
    This work follows a former study done by Daniele Marini and Lorenzo Forges Davanzati in 1982, aimed at proving an hypothesis about the shape and size of the virtual room, based on an application of the "costruzione legittima" theorem.
    Leonardo's masterpiece can be considered as an outstanding example of the renaissance synthesis between art and science: the mathematics of geometric constructions was well established and known to scientist as well as art people. The computer based perspective representation is the final result of the continuing growing knowledge during the centuries in geometry and mathematics, which allows us now to compute accurately the numerical parameters of the ancient constructive methods.
    Now "L'Ultima Cena" Interattiva is being produced in its first stage by F.A.B.R.I.CATORS directed by Franz Fischnaller with the collaboration of the University of Milan, Department of Information Science, Laboratorio di Eidomatica.


    What is the Multi Mega Book in the CAVE
    The Multi Mega Book is an "up-to-date" electronic book sculputure.. a magical and stimulating journey through some of the most intense moments of human experience in media, technology, science, architecture, culture. This project is available in different versions: Architectonic-multimedia installation, Virtual Applications and an Internet-version.
    The content of the Multi Mega Book in the CAVE is based on Maxi-Page 17: "The shift from the printed+book to the electronic text+digital skin"
    The user can explore, experiment, interact in the first person and in a creative way with two revolutionary moments of human history and experience the shift between the printed communication (XV century) to the electronic communication ( XX century). This application joins 2 revolutions which have transformed the history of communication and in consequence human history.
    The visitor can freely explore, interactively, the different dimensions of the two key centuries through the use of VR, stereoscopic, 3D Sound and Holophonic effects. As the user navigates through the immersive, interactive spaces, s/he has the sensation of being in two different dimensions: the renaissance world and the cyber space, integrated into a unique environment.

    What is the Cave (tm)?
    The CAVE (Cave Automatic Virtual Environment) is a projection-based VR system that surrounds the viewer with 4 screens. The screens are arranged in a cube made up of three rear-projection screen for walls and down-projection screen for the floor: that is, a projector overhead points to a mirror, which reflects the images onto the floor. A viewer wears stereo shutter glasses and six-degrees-of-freedom head-tracking device. As the viewer moves inside the CAVE, the correct stereocopic perspective projection are calculated for each wall. A second sensor and buttons in a wand held by the viewer provide interaction with the virtual environment.The illusion of immersion is created by projecting 3D computer graphics into a 10 x10 x 9 feet room composed of display screens that completely surround the viewer. CAVE is coupled with head and hand tracking systems to produce the correct stereo perspective and to isolate the position and orientation of a 3D input device. A sound system provides audio feedback. The viewer explores the virtual worls by moving around inside the cube and grabbing objects with a three-button wand-like device. Unlike users of the video of the video-arcade type of the VR system, CAVE dwellers do not wear helmet to experience VR. Instead, they put on lightweight stereo glasses and walk around inside the CAVE as they interact with Virtual objects.
    The projected images are controlled by a SGI Onyx/RE2 with three graphics pipelines.

    What is the ImmersaDesk (tm)?
    The immersal desk is a semi-immersive projection-based system featuring a 4'x5' rear-projected, 45' angled screen. This allows you to look down and forward, experiencing both "bird-eye" and elevation views. The projected imaginery is created by a Silicon Graphics workstation. This drafting-table format device is ideal for visualization and analysis of models and environments. This makes the ImmersaDesk and excellent stand-alone system. it is also the ideal development environment for CAVE applications.